From SPARC:
Open Data is research data that:
Open Data typically applies to a range of non-textual materials, including datasets, statistics, transcripts, survey results, and the metadata associated with these objects. The data is, in essence, the factual information that is necessary to replicate and verify research results. Open Data policies usually encompass the notion that machine extraction, manipulation, and meta-analysis of data should be permissible.
Digital Science. (2017). The state of open data report 2017. https://figshare.com/articles/The_State_of_Open_Data_Report_2017/5481187